Scientific Name (Genus/Species): Campanula alliariifolia

Family: (Campanulaceae)

(P) to 2′. Ivory Bellflower. “A clump-forming plant with attractive, heart-shaped green leaves forming a base to the erect wiry stems from which shapely cream bells nod along their entire length.” (GST**). We love this plant in our Gravel Garden. Sun. 4 & T2

Scientific Name (Genus/Species): Campanula americana

Family: (Campanulaceae)

(B) to 5′.  Tall Bellflower.  North America.  A tall, distinctive Campanula producing slender racemes of ½-inch, star-shaped blooms of a gorgeous, soft periwinkle blue.  The interior is marked with a central white ring and a prominent stigma.  Flowers July to October.  Partial shade.  4 & T2

Scientific Name (Genus/Species): Campanula carpatica Mix

Family: (Campanulaceae)

(P) to 8″.  Tussock Bellflower.  Carpathian Mountains.  This seed is a lovely mix of blue, white and purple colours yielding large, solitary, five-petalled, up-facing, bell-shaped flowers.  Most welcome, as it flowers when other Campanula blooms are over.  A long bloomer but deadhead to keep the show going.  Sun.  4 & T2

Scientific Name (Genus/Species): Campanula hofmannii (syn. Symphyandra hofmannii)

Family: (Campanulaceae)

(P) to 2′. A Bosnian native. Marvelous, creamy white, pendulous bells in terminal racemes contrast with the serrated basal leaves. Showy seedpods, too. Self-sows gently. Sun/partial shade. 4 & T2

Scientific Name (Genus/Species): Campanula latifolia 'Alba'

Family: (Campanulaceae)

(P) to 5′. Great White Bellflower. Stunning. Large bells of pristine white clusters along a very upright stem. A “show-stopper” in the white garden. Blooms in June and July. Sun. 4 & T2

Scientific Name (Genus/Species): Campanula latifolia Mix

Family: Campanulaceae

(P) to 5′. Great Bellflower. Europe. A mix of tall, open spikes of large, violet-blue and pure white bells adorn very upright stems. Blooms in June and July. Beautiful and reliable. Sun/partial shade. 4 & 7 for 2 weeks, then T1

Scientific Name (Genus/Species): Campanula rigidipila

Family: (Campanulaceae)

(P) to 12″.  This rare plant is the world’s most southerly occurring Campanula from Ethiopia and the Kenyan highlands.  From a clump of thick, triangular, hairy, grey-green leaves, arise strong, erect stems carrying pale buds that open to lovely, clear blue bells with flared tips edged with white hairs.  Summer-blooming.  Sun.  4 & T2

Scientific Name (Genus/Species): Campanula rotundifolia

Family: (Campanulaceae)

(P) to 18″.  Harebell.  A charming native wildflower throughout much of the northern hemisphere.  Graceful, branched stems with narrow, thread-like leaves arise from the basal rosette.  Many small, bright blue, pendulous, bell-shaped flowers abound from late spring to early summer.  Sun.  4 & T2

Scientific Name (Genus/Species): Campanula trachelium Mix

Family: (Campanulaceae)

(P) to 3.5′. Nettle-leaved Bellflower. Europe, North Africa, Siberia.  Spikes of blue-purple to lilac to white bells decorate the numerous, leafy stems. Nettle-like foliage. Blooms simultaneously with the roses, a perfect complement. Sun/partial shade. 4 & T2

Scientific Name (Genus/Species): Cardamine concatenata (syn. Dentaria laciniata)

Family: (Brassicaceae)

(P) to 12″.  Cutleaf Toothwort.  North America.  A delightful spring ephemeral that is one of the first to appear in the woodland garden.  The common name refers to the tooth-like projections on the rhizome which were thought to cure toothaches.  Each flowering stem emerges from the rhizome and has a whorl of three leaves deeply divided and sharply toothed and sit below the flower.  The flowers are in terminal clusters of fragrant, four-petalled, ½-inch, white flowers that can often be flushed pink.  Cutleaf Toothwort is sometimes called Pepper Root in reference to the horseradish flavour of the rhizomes which can be cut up and added to salads.  Sadly, our patches are not overly abundant so we daren’t try this delicacy.  Reputed to be difficult from seed but worth giving it the old college try.  Partial shade.  3 & T1

Scientific Name (Genus/Species): Cardamine heptaphylla

Family: (Brassicaceae)

(P) to 15″.  Seven-leaved Toothwort.  Central and Western Europe.  This woodland charmer is characterized by the smooth, erect, unbranched stem with few but large ovate-lanceolate and irregularly toothed leaves.  The stem is topped with an inflorescence composed by a cluster of four cup-shaped, broad flowers carried by a long pedicel.  Flowers may be white, pink, or purplish with petals that are somewhat wrinkled.  Blooms from April to July.  Partial shade.  Prefer moist, humus-rich soil. 3 & T1

Scientific Name (Genus/Species): Carex muskingumensis

Family: (Cyperaceae)

(P) to 2′.  Palm Sedge.  Western North America.  A trouble-free sedge that thrives at the edge of our Rock Ledge.  Ribbed, ½-inch-wide leaf blades are pale green.  Dense seedheads are persistent and attractive.  Sun.  4 & T2

Scientific Name (Genus/Species): Caryopteris divaricata

Family: (Lamiaceae)

(P) to 5′.  Bluebeard.  A native plant of the Himalayas.  Splendid spikes of violet-blue, wide open, hooded flowers with a dab of white in the throat.  Light green leaves are ovate, acute and oddly aromatic.  An accommodating, tough plant.  Blooms in September.  Sun.  3 & T3

Scientific Name (Genus/Species): Caulophyllum thalictroides

Family: (Berberidaceae)

(P) to 2′. Blue Cohosh. North America. Pale blue-green, dissected foliage. Small, greenish brown flowers with yellow anthers followed by brilliant metallic blue berries in late summer. Partial shade. 1 & 2B, 3 & T2 for 4 weeks, then 7 for 4 weeks & T1

Scientific Name (Genus/Species): Centaurea dealbata

Family: (Asteraceae)

(P) to 3′. Persian Knapweed. Caucasus. Erect, branched, leafy stems with finely divided, grey-green, pinnatisect leaves with grey, woolly undersides. The attractive green, scaly, involucre of bracts with black bristles supports the lilac-pink, pale centred ‘bachelor’s buttons’. Blooms early to mid-summer. Sun/partial shade. Well-drained soil.  3, D & T2

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